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Remember hearing about George Washington and his wooden choppers? Not his tools for cutting down cherry trees, but his false teeth.

Actually, George’s teeth were made of ivory but were so stained that they appeared to be made out of wood. You might think those were the earliest dentures. In fact, the history of false teeth goes back centuries before President Washington.

Ancient Times

The earliest known dentures consisted of human or animal teeth tied together with wires. Examples of such dentures have been found in Egyptian and Mexican archeological sites. Other ancient peoples use carved stones and shells to replace lost teeth. These early dentures were probably made for cosmetic purposes. The materials they used were not likely to stand up to the pressure placed on teeth during eating.

The earliest surviving set of complete dentures were actually made out of wood (sorry, George). They were found in Japan and date back to the 16^th century.

Human and animal teeth continued to be popular materials for dentures until the 20^th century in some parts of the world. But the difficulty obtaining healthy teeth (and the risk of disease from unhealthy teeth) led dentists to search for other substances.

Modern Era

In the 18^th century, dentists began using porcelain, ivory, gold, silver and even rubber as tooth substitutes. Dentures made with these substances could be used in eating. They were often ill-fitting, however, which may explain why George Washington looks puffy and glum in many portraits.

Porcelain and metals were the most popular denture materials until about 1950, when plastics and resins were developed. Tough and durable, these materials make up most of the dentures Dr. Stephen Hudis and our team use today.

Still, what goes around comes around. Researchers at the University of Texas are looking at using human teeth for dentures once again. Only in this case, the researchers hope to use biotechnology to spur the growth of new sets of teeth to replace those lost over a lifetime.

Dr. Stephen Hudis, as well as our team at Princeton Restorative & Implant Dentistry, would like to give those patients with flex spend, health savings, or insurance benefits a friendly end of the year reminder that it’s high time to schedule your dental visits so you optimize your benefit.

Now is the time to reserve your appointment with us. Space is limited and we tend to get busy around the holidays, so don’t wait to give us a call at our convenient Princeton, NJ office!

Missing teeth can be a source of embarrassment and self-consciousness. Lost teeth can also lead to more serious issues such as difficulty eating and drinking or speech problems. If you're missing teeth and looking for a solution to fix the problem, here are three options offered at our Princeton, NJ office to consider.

Dental Bridge

Dental bridges are one of the most common methods of replacing missing teeth. A bridge is a fixed dental prosthetic that is ideal for short empty spans with healthy teeth on either side. First, we trim the healthy teeth surrounding the missing tooth or teeth. An impression or mold is then taken of the area. It typically takes four weeks for the dental laboratory to construct the bridge. The bridge is fitted over the surrounding teeth and cemented into place; not only do the artificial teeth look natural, but a dental bridge is known to be comfortable appliance. Many patients can’t tell the difference between their real teeth and the artificial ones.

Dental Implants

In recent years dental implants have become the “go to” method for replacing one or more missing teeth. Cylindrical rods are painlessly drilled into the jawbone; after the implants heal, we attach artificial teeth to the rods. The implant serves the same function as a natural root tooth. Most dental implants are constructed out of titanium, but stainless steel, titanium alloy, and zirconium oxide are also used.

Partial Denture

A partial denture is a removable device consisting of replacement teeth attached to gum-colored bases. It's the most basic option for missing teeth and also the least invasive. However, there are disadvantages to this type of prosthetic as well. Partial dentures are known to feel unnatural, and some patients have trouble chewing or speaking; in other words, it’s going to some take time to get used to wearing the appliance. While modern dental technology has greatly improved the look of partial dentures, some people don’t find them aesthetically pleasing.

If the day comes when Dr. Stephen Hudis and our team tell you that one or more of your teeth are beyond saving and need to be extracted, don’t panic. There are many methods of replacing missing teeth, and we will help you find which one is best for you.

Medical doctors and dental health professionals, like Dr. Stephen Hudis, have debated over the connection (or lack thereof) between gum disease and heart disease. While there still is no unanimous consensus on whether there is a link – or the extent to any link there may be – several studies offer some interesting insight into possible correlations that may prove that there are some common factors that point to a likely correlation between the two.

Could there be a link between gum disease and heart disease?

Dr. Simone Ricketts reported on the findings of an Australian study of 80 patients in Profile Magazine. That study showed that 70% of the patients who participated in the study and needed heart transplants also had gum disease. She noted that other studies show a similar pattern, indicating that patients who needed heart transplants or other cardiac surgery procedures, were more likely to have dental problems.

Not Just Heart Disease Linked to Gum Disease

It isn’t just heart disease that experts are linking to periodontal disease, however. More and more evidence is showing that many chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes can be linked to periodontal disease. Poor oral hygiene resulting in gum disease was evident in blood tests that showed positive markers for inflammation.

Experts looked at a combination of over 120 medical studies focusing on a link between dental health and heart health. The findings of that research were published in the Journal of Periodontology and the American Journal of Cardiology. While there was no agreement on a definitive link, the research showed some promising results, and offer information that may be helpful to both dental health professionals and their patients.

On its own, gum disease increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed that gum disease increases the risk factor for blood vessel and artery diseases when those arteries supply blood to the brain.

This is especially important for strokes because they are a common cause of inadequate blood flow to the brain. Data from another study of 50,000+ people found a higher risk of stroke among people with gum disease and tooth loss.

The study did, however, show two very important connections between gum and heart disease:

• Both the gums of people with gum disease and the blood vessels of people who had atherosclerosis tested positive for similar types of bacteria.
• Both patients with atherosclerosis and those with gum disease showed the presence of inflammation in their bodies.

Patients need to understand the importance of taking care of their mouths and doing whatever is necessary to ensure or support heart health – even if there is no guarantee that doing so will prevent either disease.